Metal sheet piling



July 23, 1929. M. sHuLMAN IE'I'AL SHEET FILING 2 Sheets-Sheet Filed Aug. 11, 1927 5 3 1 u. a.. m m

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/NVENZ'UR 5ba/mall ATTOR/VEX' mi' Patented July 23, 1929.

UNITED STAT-Es MAX SHULMAN, OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

METAL SHEET FILING.

Application led August 11, 1927. Serial No. 212,316.

This invention relates to new and useful improvements in metal sheet piling adapted to be connected together at their side edges to provide a wall which may be readily and conveniently extended in any desired direction to suit the exigencies of the particular sitnation.

The primary object of my invention is to lprovide a strong. economical and practical integral metal sheet piling in the form of interlocking channel and I-beam sections having their straight tapered side flanges rolled inwardly over the web to form interlocking hooks, and to preserve the principal characteristics of channels and I-beams, and as the curvature of the outer face of the flange at said juncture is greater than that of the fillet of the adjacent flange, to provide a piling of great transverse strength, which will not only stand up under various drii'ing conditions, but which will forni a strong wall.

Another object of the invention is to provide a metal sheet piling embodying a web with inturned flanges along opposite longitudinal edges, each flange consisting of an arched shank portion disposed at an acute angle to the web and a terminal edge portion disposed at an acute angle to the arched shank portion, to provide a mouth and a pocket adapted to telescopically and interlockingly receive the similarly formed flange of an adjoining piling section.

Another object of my invention is to so form the inwardly turned hook shaped flanges that when they are telescoped together or interlocked one with another, there will be provided a pocket in between the overlapping hooked edges of the side flanges for t-he reception of a suitable filling material, said material when introduced is adapted to be compressed under the stress of service conditions in proportion to the interlocking wedging of the hook shaped flanges to form a watertight oint. Y

Another object of my invention is to construct the inwardly turned hook shaped side flanges in such a manner that when they are telescoped together to provide an interlocking joint, there will be formed pockets on opposite sides of the overlapping ends of the hook shaped side flanges, adapted to receive a suitable filling material for compression under actual service conditions to form a watertight joint.

A further object of my invention is to construct the inwardly turned hook shaped side flanges in such a way that when they are inter-locked together the pile sections can be deflected to greater and more varying angles with respect to each other, than any known sheet piling, to meet the requirements of service alignment, the character of the soil and obstacles that are met in driving the sections without affecting the strength or watertightness of the interlocking joints.

A further object of my invention is to construct the inwardly turned hook shaped side flanges in such a novel manner that when they are interlocked together each piling section can be deflected through a maximum angle of 36 degrees, whereby open caissons and the like can be constructed with a lesser number of piling sections than has ever heretofore been possible.

A further object of my invention is to construct thc inwardly turned hook shaped side flanges in such a manner that when they are intel-locked together, the longitudinal and lateral stresses produced by pressure will cause the flanges to co-act one with another to wedge the contacting faces thereof tightly together, and at the same time exert compression on any filling material that may have been introduced into the interlocking oint to form an absolutely watertight joint.

A further object of my invention is to utilize my novel construction of inwardly turned hook `shaped side flanges in connection with standard channels and I-beams by rolling the edges of the flanges thereof inwardly over the web lportion of said section.

A further object of my invention with respect to I-beam piling is to roll the flanges at each edge of the web to provide oppositely disposed inturned hook shaped flanges whereby the sections may be interlockingly engaged to form a continuous wall, or whereby they may be interlockingly engaged with channel sections to form a permanent wall having a series of pockets or cells adapted to receive concrete or other suitable filling material.

A still further object of my invention is to provide integrally rolled metal sheet piling sections corresponding very closely in shape and characteristics to the standard channels and I-beams, which are simple, strong, solid, durable, and of economical construction and which can be easily and quickly driven and withdrawn with a minimum amount of frictional resistance, each section being so designed and balanced that it can be driven downwardly in straight alignment without the use of any guiding means.

A still further object of my invention is to provide integrally rolled metal sheet piling' sections of substantially standard channel and I-beam shapes, each having a section modulus greater than any known pile section of corresponding size and weight, thus affording a maximum of transverse strength with a minimum amount ot weight.

lVith these and other objects in view, the invention comprises the various novel teatures of construction, combination, and arrangement ot parts as will be more fully described hereinafter and shown in the acconk panying drawings.

Fig. l is a perspective view o'f several oit my novel integrally rolled channel piling sect-ions interlockingly connected to torni a wall ot piling.

F ig. 2 is an enlarged detail plan view of my improved form ot interlocking oint.

Fig. 3 is a similar view ot the joint, with the pile sections shown in deflected position with respect to each other.

Fig. l is a plan view of a series ot arched web channel sections interlockingly connected together.

Fig. r5 is a perspective view ot several integrally rolled metal sheet I-beam piling sections, interlockingly connected to form a wall of piling.

Fig. 6 is a plan view showing channel and I-beam sections interlockingly connected to form a wall.

Fig. 7 is a plan view ot a portion ot a wall ot permanent construction consisting of I-beam and channel sections interlockingly connected to torni a series ot spaced pockets.

Fig. S is a plan view ot a portion or a wall of permanent construction, consistin ot' I-beam and channel sectionsv iuterlocltingly connectet to torni a series ol' j'iockets, and

Fig. 9 is a plan view ot a wall ot' arched web channel and I-beam sections. showing one end oi a channel section interlmfkingly connected to the wall at a right angle.

Referring more particularly to the drawings, it will be seen that my invention relates to metal sheet piling, integrally rolled in two general standard shapes, namelu channels and I-beams, which are adapted to be telescopically and interlockingly engaged at their side edges to 'torni walls of either temporary or permanent construction. The piling may be used effectively in the construction olf coiferdams of single wall or cellular type, foundations, curtain walls, caissons, docks, locks, dams, levees, and other similar construction work, and may be used to provide walls ot various desired strengths, through the combination and interlocking arran` nientot' the two standard general shapes ol sections.

In the t'orm ol metal sheet piling, shown in Figs. l, 2, and 3, the numeral l indicates the usual flat, longitudinal web, the opposite edges ol which are provi l id with the usual standard right angular disposed tapered side flanges Q, inwardly rolled to form hook shaped terminal edges or flanges 3, which are adapted to telesc pically interfit and coact with the rolled edges oi" the adjoining pile sections, so that under lateral stress said se tions will interlock to torni a substantially watertight wall.

'lhe channel llanges 2, as indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 2, diminish outwardly in thickness and are rolled inwardly over the Yeb l, to provide a shank portion l. and the terminal edge portion 5. lt is to be noted that the shank portion l is slightly arcuatel'f.Tv

curved at an acute angle to the feb l, while the terminal edge 5 is disposed at an acute angle to the shank portion el said angle being greater than that of the shank portion with respect to the web, whereby there `is provided a mouth and a pocket adapted to receive the hook flange ol the adjoining' section. By reason ot this particular construction, it will be apparent that when the hook shaped flanges of one piling section are tclescoped longitudinally within those ol' the adjoining sections, they will torni an interlocking joint so that the rounded outer ends of the shank 4 will engage the adjacent webs l of the adj oiningl sections as at 6, and the rounded ends ot the terminal edge portions 5 will engage the shank portions d ol' the co-acting hook shaped flanges at points intermediate their ends as at 7.

ln addition, the webs coact with the hook shaped tlanges to cause the intcrlocked joint to tighten under longitudinal and lateral strains and also to prevent the joint 'troni opening up under excessive strain.

The component parts ot each hook `flange are so angularly arranged with respect to each other, and the curvatures on the inside and outside tacos oi the flanges are such that all engaging contacts between the coacting flanges are tangential and Citinuous tor all relative positions ot the piling sections, thus providing an interlocking jointwith a maX- i mum amount of Hexibility and one that will function freely and easily. Furthermore, this construction atlords interlocking oint that is equally effective at all times ouahout all degrees ot deection. lt will also be apparent that by this particular arrangement, there is provided between the overlapping terminal edges 5, a pocket 8, and between the terminal edges 5 and the llets of the flanges 2, pockets 9, all of said pockets adapted to receive a suitable filling material, which., when wet, will expand to form a watertight joint. ldlhen the piling wall is to lateral stress and strain under 'actual service conditions, the terminal edges lOO llO

will have a tendency to ride outwardly along the inner curved face of the adjacent shank 4;, to compress t-he filling material in the said pockets and form an absolutely watertight oint. The more the wall is stressed under pressure, the tighter the joint will interloek.

By reference to Fig. 3, it will be noted that by reason of the particular formation of the hook shaped fiang'es, each piling section can be deflected through a maximum angle of 3G degrees in order that the wall may be diverted around stones or other obstacles met in drivingr the sections, and whereby caissons, and the like, can be constructed with a minimum number of' sections. Vhen the sections are deflected laterally in one direction with respect to each other, the terminal edge portion 5 of the section being deflected will ride outwardly along' the inner curved face of the adjacent shank portion 4 until it comes into contact with the terminal edge portion 5 of' the adjacent shank portion 4, and the shank portion 4 of the deflecting section comes in contact with the web l of the adjacent sections, thus forming a means for limiting the deflecting movement of the section.

Then the sections are moved laterally under pressure, said flanges by virtue of their tangential sliding contacts will interlock and tighten in proportion to the amount of pressure to which they are subjected. It is also obvious that inasmuch as the metal of each fiange is thinner at the juncture of the terminal edge portion with the arched shank portion, the interlocked sections, if subjected to longitudinal and lateral strains, will cause a wedging action of the flanges to such an extent that t-he terminal edge portions will tend to bend back toward the shank portions before the shank portions will tend to bend back toward the webs at their junctures with the webs, thus causing the inter-locked joint to exert a tightening action instead of tending to open up and separate as in the case of most all other interlocking pile oints. It will be further apparent that if the interlocked joint is subjected to excessive longitudinal and lateral strains, the flanges will bend and curl into interlocking' engagement instead of' separating and pulling apart as would be the case if not for the particular construct-ion of the angular curved flanges.

In F ig. 4, I have shown an arched web channel form of piling with the side flanges rolled to form interlocking hook shaped flanges, as above described.

In Fig. 5, I have shown an I-beam form of piling with the oppositely extending flanges of the web 1l rolled inwardly over the web to form hook shaped fianges 12 and 13, which are identical in shape with those heretofore described and which are adapted to function in the same manner.

These I-beam sections may be telescopically joined with other I-beam, or chanenl sections, to form walls for either temporary or permanent construction, as will appear from Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 of the drawings. In Fig. 6 there are shown channel and I-beam sections alternately connected to form a wall, while in F ig. 7 oppositely disposed channel sections are alternately connected to the I-beam sections to provide a series of spaced pockets or cells 14, adapted to be jetted of water and filled wit-h ballast or any other suitable material to form a permanent wall or series of pilings.

In F ig. 8 is shown another form of permanent wall construction, wherein channel and I-beam sections are connected to provide a series of pockets or cells 15, also adapted to be jetted of water and filled with a suitable permanent filling material. It will be noted that in this form of wall, the pockets are staggered so that when they are filled with concrete or other suitable material, they will provide a wall which will be more rigid than a similar straight wall and offer more resisti ance to lateral pressure.

In Fig'. 9 are shown arched web I-beam sections interlockingly connected to form a straight wall 16, with a channel section 17, joined to it at right angles. By the use of this particular construction it will be apparent that I have eliminated the use of all special forms of sections that are ordinarily used in forming corners. It is of course to be understood, that in practice, all of the interlocking joints in each form are adapted to be filled with suitable packing material, which, when subjected to the action of the water, will expand to seal and make the joints watertight.

The hook shaped laterally projecting fianges will stiften the piling sections to afford a maximum amount of vertical rigidity and at the same time provide a greater section modulus in the plane of pressure against the webs, thus reducing the number of bracing tiers ordinarily required in deep cofferdam construction.

From the foregoing, it will be apparent that I have provided novel forms of piling sections which, when interlockingly connected, will form a joint that is flexible, strong, and free from possibility of unlocking, and which will posssess a tightening action under pressure increase to provide a rigid wall of piling. The sections are extremely economical because of t-he fact that after they have served their purpose as piling, they can be reused in permanent building construction work.

Other advantages of construction and method of operation will be also apparent to those skilled in the art to which the invention relates and while I have described the principle of operation of the invention, together with the forms which I now consider to be the best embodiment thereof` I desire Cil Cil

' shaped side flanges to have it understood that such changes of construction, combination and arrangement of parts may be made when desired as are within the scope of the appended claims.

lVhat I claim is:

l. A metal sheet piling comprising a web having side flanges extending inwardly over the web and terminating in hook shaped flanges, each of said flanges comprising a shank portion disposed at an angle to the web and a terminal edge portion disposed at an angle to the shank portion.

2. A metal. sheet piling comprising a web having side flanges extending vinwardly over the web and terminating in hook shaped flanges, each of said flanges comprising an arcuately curved shank portion disposed at an angle to the web and a terminal edge portion disposed at substantially an acute angle to the shank portion and substantially at right angles to the web.

3. A metal sheet piling wall Consisting of integral sections formed with int-urned hook c, interlockingly engaged, the terminal edge portions said flanges normally overlapping in such a manner as to provide a pocket therebetween for the reception of a filling material, said flanges being so shaped that longitudinal and lateral stresses pro-duced by pressure will cause the flanges to co-act and tighten and at the same time exert compression on any filling material that may have been introducen into said pocket to form a watertight joint.

4t. A metal sheet piling wall con'iprising integrally rolled sections formed with inturned hook shaped side flanges interlockingly engaged, the terminal edge portions of said flanges normally overlapping to provide pockets on opposite sides thereof adapted to receive a suitable filling material for the purpose set forth.

5. lntegrally rolled metal sheet piling sections each comprising a web formed with hook shaped side flanges adapted to be interlockin gly engaged, said side flanges embodying an arcuate shank portion disposed at an acute angle to the web, and a terminal edge portion disposed at an acute angle to the shank portion and at substantially right angles to the web, the arcuately curved shank portions normally engaging the webs of the adjoining piling sections and the terminal edges normally engaging said shank portions intermediate their ends, whereby said flanges will coact to tighten the interlocking joint under pressure.

G. An integral metal sheet piling section comprising a web having hook shaped side flanges extending inwardly over the web, each of said side flanges embodying an arched shank portion disposed at an acuteangle to the web, and a terminal edge portion disposed at an acute angle to the shank portion.

7. An integral metal sheet piling section,

comprising a web having oppositely disposed hook shaped side flanges at each edge, extending inwardly over the web, each of said side flanges embodying an arched shank portion disposed at an angle to the web, and a terminal edge portion disposed at an angle to the .shank portion.

8. An integral metal sheet piling section, comprising a web having hook shaped flanges oppositely disposed along each side edge and extending inwardly over the web, each of said side flanges embodying an arched shank portion disposed at an acute angle to the web, and a terminal edge portion disposed at an acute angle to the shank portion.

9. An integral metal sheet piling 'comprising a web having hook shaped side flanges extending inwardly orer the web, each of said side flanges diminishing in thickness towards the terminal edge and consisting of an arched shank portion disposed at an'acute angle to the web, and a terminal edge portion disposed at an acute angle to the arcned shank portion.

l0. An integral metal sheet piling comprising a web having hook shaped side flanges diminishing in thickness and consisting of an arched shank portion disposed at an acute angle to the web, the inner face of which is curved at its juncture with the web to provide a fillet, and a terminal edge portion disposed at an acute angle to the arched shank portion, the curvature ofthe outer tace of the hook flange at the juncture of the terminal edge portion with the arched shank being greater than that of the fillet.

ll. An integral metal sheet piling cornprisingV a web having hook shaped side flanges extending inwardly over the web, each of said flanges diminishing` in thickness and consisting of an arched shank portion disposed at an acute angle to the web, and a terminal edge portion disposed at an acute angle to the arched shank portion, the inside and outside 'faces of' the component portions of the hook shaped flange having curvatures oi' such a character that when one pile section is interlockingly engaged with another' pile section, all contacts between the coacting piles will be tangential and sliding.

l2. A metal sheet piling wall consisting of integral sections formed with inturned hook shaped side flanges on each longitudinal edge of' the web interlockingly engaged, each sice flange consistingl ol an arched shank portion disposed at an acute angle to the web, and a terminal edge portion disposed at an acute angle to the arched shank portion, whereby the web of one section will coact with the hook shaped flange of the adjoining pile section to prevent the interlock from opening under pressure.

13. A metal sheet piling wall consisting of integral sections formed with inturned hook shaped side flanges, each side flange diminishing outwardly in thickness and consisting of an arched shank portion disposed at an acute angle to the Web, and a terminal edge portion disposed at a greater angle to the arched shank portion, whereby under longitudinal and lateral strains the Wedging action of the interlocled flan ges will be such that the terminal edge portions Will tend to bend back to Ward the shank portions before the shank portions Will tend to bend back toward the Webs at their junctures With tbe Webs.

14. A metal sheet piling Wall consisting oit' integral piling sections, each section comprising a Web and inturned hook shaiped flanges along its longitudinal side edges, said hook shaped llanges each embodying an arched shank port-ion disposed at an acute angle to the Web, and a terminal curved edge portion disposed at an acute angle to the shank portion to provide a mouth and a pocket adapted to telescopically receive the similarly formed lla-nge of the adjoining piling section, whereby when the piling sections are deflected laterally in angular relation to each other7 the curved terminal edge portion of one flange will slide freely over the inner Curved face of the shank portion of the adjoining flange through an angle of approximately 36 degrees until it is lodged in the angle between the terminal curved edge portion and the arched shank portion of said adjoining flange7 thereby limiting said lateral deflection, and whereby When said Sections are arranged in operative position they are adapted to yield longitudinally and laterally and tighten the interlocking joint under pressure.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

MAX SHULMAN. 

